This literature review aims to identify climate‐friendly agricultural practices for coffee, cocoa, and tea that (a) reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the use of land, machinery and chemicals, (b) lead to an increase of on‐farm carbon stocks, and/or (c) improve the resilience of agro‐ecosystems and farming communities to adapt to a changing climate, compared to local, business-as-usual practices (BAUs). This comparison is based on surveys of the scientific data related to GHGs and carbon storage, as well as predictions from models.
While some consider cocoa certification an adequate tool to promote sustainability in the cocoa value chain and improve farmer livelihoods, other actors are less optimistic about the net benefits that certification offers at the farm level and highlight its investment burden for farmers. To provide more clarity to this debate, KPMG was commissioned by The International Cocoa Organization to conduct a qualitative and quantitative study on the costs and benefits of certification.
An Analysis of community- and smallholder-targeted approaches taken by certification standards to address challenges to participation that aims to inform the development of the climate, community and biodiversity standards to support communities and smallholders to access climate financing for land-based carbon projects.
Led by RA for the CCB Standards for Smallholders Initiative
